Ashokan Inscriptions (Rock Edicts) Overview The Ashokan Inscriptions (Rock Edicts) are a series of edicts issued by Ashoka, the Mauryan Emperor of India, during his reign from 268 to 232 BCE. These edicts, carved onto rocks and pillars throughout India, Pakistan, and Afghanistan, represent some of the earliest examples of writing in the Indian subcontinent. They were inscribed in multiple languages, including Sanskrit, Pali, Greek, and Aramaic. The edicts cover a wide variety of topics and were written in a style intended to be clear and understandable to the general public. Ashokan Inscriptions (Rock Edicts) Prominent Features The Ashokan Inscriptions (Rock Edicts) are divided into seven categories: Dharma, Sangha, Dharma-dana, Dharma-vibhanga, Admonitions, Instructions, and Minor Edicts. Dharma consists primarily of ethical advice to promote good behavior, emphasizing such values as tolerance, nonviolence, respect for the law, and compassion. Sangha outlines rules for governing the Buddhist monasteries and temples. Dharma-dana describes the kings’ religious donations, such as the setting up of medical facilities, the distribution of gifts to the poor, and the donation of land for religious purposes. Dharma-vibhanga addresses civil law, including regulations concerning theft, punishment for criminals, and water rights. Admonitions remind the people of their duties to their subject, ordering them not to be cruel, oppressive or tyrannical. Instructions set forth such items as the value of proper speech, the promotion of public health and the importance of relieving suffering. Ashokan Inscriptions (Rock Edicts)History Ashoka was a powerful ruler and his vast empire was the biggest in India at the time. He had a deep spiritual awakening after a military campaign and converted to Buddhism, which greatly influenced his reign and his edicts. He began a program of nonviolence, peace and benevolence, and even sent Buddhist missionaries to Spread the teachings of Buddhism beyond the boundaries of his empire. The edicts were a crucial part of this program and served as a way to communicate his new philosophy to his subjects. Ashokan Inscriptions (Rock Edicts)Interesting facts The Ashokan Inscriptions (Rock Edicts) are the oldest surviving example of Indian writing. They comprise some of the most important sources of information on the history of India during this period. The edicts were carved in numerous languages, such as Sanskrit, Pali, Greek, and Aramaic, reflecting the diversity of his empire. The edicts were inscribed on large rocks and stone pillars, many of which are still in existence today. Most of the edicts have been preserved in the form of copies kept by Buddhist monks. The edicts provide invaluable insight into Ashoka’s transformation from a military ruler to an enlightened leader.