1. Research and gather information

Before going to the market, it is important to research and gather information about the current prices of the items you want to buy. This will give you an idea of the average price range and help you set a reasonable negotiation target.

2. Start with a friendly greeting

When you approach a vendor, start with a friendly greeting such as "Selam" (Hello) or "Tena yistilign" (How are you?). Building a rapport with the seller can create a positive atmosphere for negotiation.

3. Don't show too much interest initially

Showing too much interest in a product may diminish your bargaining power. Take your time to browse through different stalls, compare prices, and ask about similar items to give the impression that you have alternatives.

4. Start with a lower counteroffer

Once you have chosen the item you want to purchase, make an initial counteroffer that is significantly lower than the asking price. This allows room for negotiation and signals to the vendor that you are interested but not willing to pay the full price.

5. Offer reasons for a lower price

When presenting your counteroffer, provide reasons why you believe the price should be lower. Mention factors like the item's condition, market rates you have observed, or any defects or flaws in the product. These reasons can help justify your lower offer.

6. Be prepared to walk away

If the vendor does not agree to your price, be prepared to walk away. Sometimes, this can persuade the vendor to reconsider their offer and make a more reasonable counteroffer. Vendors may call you back or be more willing to negotiate when they see that you are ready to leave.

7. Use your negotiation skills

Sharpen your negotiation skills by employing techniques like the "split the difference" strategy, where both parties meet halfway between their offers, or suggesting a package deal if you are buying multiple items from the same vendor. Be confident, persistent, and ready to compromise.

8. Keep a polite and respectful attitude

Throughout the negotiation process, it is crucial to maintain a polite and respectful attitude towards the seller. Being aggressive or disrespectful can hinder effective negotiation and leave a negative impression.

Example:

You are interested in buying a traditional Ethiopian shawl called a "netela" from a market vendor. The initial asking price is 500 Ethiopian Birr (ETB).

1. You greet the vendor warmly and show interest in the netela.

2. You start by offering a counteroffer of 300 ETB, which is significantly lower than the asking price.

3. You mention that you have seen similar netelas in other stalls for 300-350 ETB, implying that you have alternatives.

4. The vendor refuses your offer but suggests a price of 450 ETB.

5. You use the "split the difference" strategy and propose a price of 375 ETB.

6. If the vendor still refuses, you thank them politely and start walking away.

7. The vendor may call you back and agree to sell the netela for a price closer to your offer.

8. Throughout the negotiation, you maintain a respectful attitude and show appreciation for the vendor's time and products.